___________________ is prepared by adding the colouring pigment to the screened whitewash.
🔬 Understanding Basic Wall Coatings
The question describes a very simple and traditional method of creating a colored wall finish. The starting point is whitewash, which is a basic mixture of lime and water.
Colourwash: As the name directly implies, a colourwash is simply a whitewash to which a coloring pigment has been added. It is the most basic form of colored wall coating, offering a simple, rustic, and breathable finish.
⚖️ Detailed Analysis of the Options
Let's clarify the distinctions between these terms to see why 'Colourwash' is the precise answer.
(a) Colourwash
Composition: Whitewash (lime + water) + Pigment.
Why it's correct: This option is the literal definition of the process described in the question. It is the specific term for a colored lime-based wash.
(b) Paint
Composition: A complex mixture of a base, binder (vehicle like oil or acrylic), solvent, and pigments.
Why it's incorrect: Modern paint is a much more advanced formulation. Its binder is far more durable than the simple lime in whitewash. While paint is colored, it is not made by simply adding pigment to whitewash.
(c) Distemper
Composition: A water-based paint using a base (like chalk/lime) but with a stronger binder, such as animal glue or casein.
Why it's incorrect: Distemper is a step above colourwash in terms of durability because of the added glue binder. The process described in the question (just adding pigment to whitewash) does not include this essential binding agent, so it does not create distemper.
(d) Turpentine
Composition: A volatile solvent derived from pine resin.
Why it's incorrect: Turpentine is a liquid used to thin oil-based paints and varnishes. It is not a wall coating itself and is completely unrelated to water-based whitewash.
💡 Study Tips for Wall Coatings
- Break Down the Word: "Colourwash" = Colour + Wash (Whitewash). The name itself is the definition.
- Remember the Hierarchy of Complexity:
- Whitewash (Lime + Water) - Simplest
- Colourwash (Whitewash + Pigment)
- Distemper (Whitewash + Pigment + Glue)
- Modern Paint (Base + Binder + Solvent + Pigment) - Most Complex
- Identify the Liquid: Whitewash, Colourwash, and Distemper are all water-based. Turpentine is oil/spirit-based. This helps eliminate it immediately.