Q13. Which of the following is used as relieving arches over wooden lintel?
  • Concrete arch
  • Brick arch
  • Ashlar arch
  • Rubble masonry arch

Correct Answer: B. Brick arch

Solution:

A relieving arch is built over a lintel (especially a weaker one like wood) to carry the load of the wall above, thus 'relieving' the lintel from excessive stress. A Brick arch is commonly constructed for this purpose as it integrates well with the surrounding brickwork and effectively transfers the load to the sides of the opening.

Q14. This is the first voussoir at the springing level on either side of an arch and it is immediately adjacent to the skewback.
  • Key
  • Crown
  • Abutment
  • Springer

Correct Answer: D. Springer

Solution:

The Springer is the lowest stone (voussoir) of an arch. It is located at the springing line, which is the level where the arch begins to curve upwards from its vertical support. It rests directly on the skewback or impost.

Q15. _____ is a row of arches supporting a wall above and being supported by the piers.
  • Soffit
  • Arcade
  • Crown
  • Impost

Correct Answer: B. Arcade

Solution:

An Arcade is a succession or series of arches, each counter-thrusting the next, supported by columns or piers. This architectural element is used to support a wall or roof, or can be free-standing.