Proper proportioning of concrete, ensures:
Correct Answer: D. All options are correct
📚 Detailed Explanation: What Proper Proportioning Ensures
Why D (All options correct) is correct: The goal of concrete mix proportioning (mix design) is to select ingredient proportions that simultaneously achieve all performance requirements — strength, workability, durability, and impermeability (water tightness). All three listed properties are primary objectives of mix design.
Objectives of Concrete Mix Proportioning
| Objective | How Proportioning Achieves It |
|---|---|
| Desired strength | By setting the appropriate w/c ratio (Abrams' Law) |
| Desired workability | By selecting water content, aggregate grading, and admixtures |
| Durability | By limiting max w/c ratio and ensuring minimum cement content per IS 456 Table 5 |
| Water tightness | By achieving dense matrix with low permeability through low w/c and good compaction |
- Proper proportioning satisfies all performance requirements simultaneously.
- IS 10262 process: target strength → w/c ratio → water content → cement content → aggregate proportions → trial mixes.