Types of Foundation in Construction
Types of Foundations Foundations are generally classified into two main categories: Shallow Foundations Deep Foundations According to Terzaghi’s definition, a […]
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Components of a Building
Components of a Building A building consists of two primary parts: the substructure (foundations) and the superstructure. 1. Substructure or
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Types of Buildings
Definition and Classification of Buildings As per the National Building Code of India (SP: 7–2005), a building is defined as
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Height of Collimation Method
There are two primary methods for booking and reducing levels: Rise and Fall Method Height of Collimation Method This article
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Rise and Fall Method
Booking and reducing levels can be accomplished using two main methods: Rise and Fall Method Height of Collimation Method In
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Tape Corrections
In the field of surveying, the precision of measurements is paramount. A measurement over a horizontal distance using tape is
Triangulation in Surveying: Principles, Purpose and Layout
Principles of Triangulation The underlying principle of triangulation is based on trigonometry. If the angles of a triangle and the
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Classification of Triangulation Survey
Triangulation is the method of determining positions on the Earth’s surface by measuring angles between a network of triangles formed
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Length of Transition Curve
Length of a Transition Curve A transition curve is placed between a straight section and a circular curve in road
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Types of Transition Curves
A transition curve is a non-circular curve placed between a straight path and a circular curve. Its curvature gradually increases
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Reverse Curve
Reverse Curve/Serpentine Curve/S-Curve A reverse curve is formed by two circular arcs, either of equal or differing radii, with their
Degree of Curve
Degree of Curve The degree of a curve can be defined in two ways: based on either a fixed arc